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Paris (English /ˈpærɪsˈ French: [paʁi] ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It is
situated on the River Seine, in the north of the country, at the heart of the Île-de-France region. Within its administrative
limits (the 20 arrondissements), the city had 2,234,105 inhabitants in 2009
while its metropolitan area is one of the largest population centres in Europe
with more than 12 million inhabitants.
An important settlement for more than two
millennia, by the late 12th century Paris had become a walled cathedral city
that was one of Europe's foremost centres of learning and the arts and the
largest city in the Western world until the turn of the 18th century. Paris was
the focal point for many important political events throughout its history,
including the French Revolution. Today it is one of the world's leading
business and cultural centres, and its influence in politics, education,
entertainment, media, science, fashion and the arts all contribute to its
status as one of the world's major cities. The city has one of the largest GDPs
in the world, €607 billion (US$845 billion) as of 2011, and as a result of
its high concentration of national and international political, cultural and
scientific institutions is one of the world's leading tourist destinations. The
Paris Region hosts the world headquarters of 30 of the Fortune Global 500
companies in several business districts, notably La Défense, the largest
dedicated business district in Europe.
Centuries of cultural and political development
have brought Paris a variety of museums, theatres, monuments and architectural
styles. Many of its masterpieces such as the Louvre and the Arc de Triomphe are iconic buildings, especially its
internationally recognized symbol, the Eiffel Tower. Long regarded as an
international centre for the arts, works by history's most famous painters can
be found in the Louvre, the Musée d'Orsay and its many other museums and
galleries. Paris is a global hub of fashion and has been referred to as the
"international capital of style", noted for its haute couture
tailoring, its high-end boutiques, and the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week. It
is world renowned for its haute cuisine, attracting many of the world's leading
chefs. Many of France's most prestigious universities and Grandes Écoles
are in Paris or its suburbs, and France's major newspapers Le Monde, Le
Figaro, Libération are based in the city, and Le Parisien in Saint-Ouen
near Paris.
The name "Paris" is derived from that
of its earliest inhabitants, the Gaulish tribe known as the Parisii. The city
was called Lutetia (more fully, Lutetia Parisiorum, "Lutetia of the
Parisii"), during the Roman era of the 1st to the 4th century AD, but
during the reign of Julian the Apostate (360–3), the city was renamed Paris. It
is believed that the name of the Parisii tribe
comes from the Celtic Gallic word parisio, meaning "the working
people" or "the craftsmen".
Paris has many nicknames, like "The City of
Love", but its most famous is "La Ville-Lumière"
("The City of Light"), a name it owes first to its fame as a centre
of education and ideas during the Age of Enlightenment. The sobriquet's
"light" took on a more literal sense when Paris became one of the
first European cities to adopt gas street lighting: the Passage des Panoramas
was Paris' first gas-lit throughfare from 1817.
Since the mid-19th century, Paris has been known
as Paname ([panam]) in the Parisian slang called argot (Moi
j'suis d'Paname, i.e. "I'm from Paname"). The singer Renaud
repopularised the term among the younger generation with his 1976 album Amoureux
de Paname ("In love with Paname").
Inhabitants are known in English as
"Parisians" and in French as Parisiens ([paʁizjɛ̃])
and Parisiennes. Parisians were often pejoratively called Parigots
([paʁiɡo])
and Parigotes, a term first used in 1900 by those living outside the
Paris region.
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